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The United States Marine Corps War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial) is a national monument in Arlington, Virginia, United States. It is located in Arlington Ridge Park, at the back entrance to Arlington National Cemetery and next to the Netherlands Carillon. The war memorial is dedicated to all United States Marine Corps personnel who have died in the defense of the United States since 1775. The memorial was inspired by the iconic 1945 photograph of six servicemen raising an American flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. It was taken by Associated Press combat photographer Joe Rosenthal. Upon first seeing the photograph, sculptor Felix de Weldon created a maquette for a sculpture based on it, in a single weekend. He and architect Horace W. Peaslee designed the memorial. Their proposal was presented to Congress, but funding was not possible during the war. In 1947 a federal foundation was established to raise funds for the memorial. ==History== The centerpiece of the memorial is a colossal sculpture group depicting the five Marines and one Navy corpsman who raised the second (and larger) U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi on February 23, 1945. They were: Sergeant Michael Strank, Corporal Harlon Block, Private First Class Rene Gagnon, Private First Class Ira Hayes, Private First Class Franklin Sousley, and Pharmacist Mate Second Class John Bradley (USN). The flag-raising also was recorded by Marine Sergeant Bill Genaust, a combat motion picture cameraman, who filmed the event in color while standing beside Rosenthal. Genaust's footage was included in the 1945 newsreel "Carriers Hit Tokyo," and established that the second flag raising was not staged. He was killed by the Japanese after entering a cave on Iwo Jima during the battle. Genaust's remains have never been found. The commission for the memorial was awarded in 1951. De Weldon spent three years creating a full-sized master model in plaster, with figures tall. This was disassembled like a giant puzzle, and each piece was separately cast in bronze. Peaslee's base for the memorial is made of black diabase granite from a quarry in Lönsboda, a small town in the southernmost province of Sweden.〔http://www.gemeneman.se/MinSommar2005.pdf (in Swedish) Translation, page 3 line 28-29: ''The most famous war memorial in the United States, U.S. Marine Corps Memorial in Washington D.C., stands on a base in granite pieces from Hägghult.'' Hägghult is the name of the quarry, just outside Lönsboda.〕 It features a number of inscriptions. Construction of the memorial began in September 1954. The bronze pieces of the sculpture were assembled, to which was added a flagpole. The total cost of the memorial was $850,000, including the development of the site. It was paid for with donations, mostly from U.S. Marines; no public funds were used. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicated the memorial on November 10, 1954, the 179th anniversary of the founding of the Marine Corps. On June 12, 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued a proclamation that a Flag of the United States should fly over the memorial 24 hours a day, one of the few official sites where this is required. The memorial is located on a high ridge, overlooking the national capital. The Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. uses the memorial as the centerpiece of its weekly Sunset Parade, featuring the Drum and Bugle Corps and the Silent Drill Platoon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marine Corps War Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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